Child Welfare (1-5)

The number one issue in Child Welfare is the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in care.

The majority of Indigenous children-in-care are First Nations (69.1%)


Current Reality

The 2021 census also found that 3.2 per cent of Indigenous children in Canada were in foster care, compared to just 0.2 per cent of non-Indigenous children in Canada.

Indigenous children accounted for more than half of all children in foster care, at 53.8 per cent, despite representing only 7.7 per cent of children 14 and under in Canada.

Feb. 9, 2024: Supreme Court – Friday’s ruling affirms First Nation, Inuit and Métis self-government and jurisdiction over their child welfare services. In a unanimous decision, the court said the “The act as a whole is constitutionally valid. “The essential matter addressed by the Act involves protecting the well-being of Indigenous children, youth and families by promoting the delivery of culturally appropriate child and family services and, in so doing, advancing the process of reconciliation with Indigenous peoples.”

Sept. 26,2023: A team of lawyers representing Inuit children and their families in Nunavik and Indigenous children not living on reserves in Quebec are seeking to launch a class-action lawsuit against the provincial and federal governments over discrimination they claim was suffered related to the director of youth protection services and other health and social services.

Progress on reducing the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in care can be viewed through three distinct lenses: Federal, Provincial and the Candian Human Rights Tribunal.

Federal Actions

Nov. 23, 2023: Federal government invests $807M for Jordan’ s Principle as part of the 2023 Fall Economic Statement

April 5, 2023: A revised final settlement agreement now totalling more than $23 billion was reached by the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), Moushoom and Trout class actions plaintiffs, the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society, and Canada to compensate those harmed by discriminatory underfunding of the First Nations Child and Family Services program and those impacted by the federal government’s narrow definition of Jordan’s Principle.

Provincial Actions

Feb. 10, 2022: The Court of Appeal of Québec ruled that Bill C-92 “is constitutional, except for ss. 21 and 22(3), which are not”. These sections deal with the right of Aboriginal self-government and the regulation of Child and Family Services. The provincial governments of Alberta, Manitoba and the Northwest Territories also support the Québec appeal and argue that Bill C-92 infringes on provincial jurisdiction

Birth Alerts:
Since Sept. 16, 2019 six provinces have abandoned the use of Birth Alerts to apprehend Indigenous children at birth: BC (Sept. 16, 2019), Ontario (Oct. 15, 2020), Manitoba (June 30, 2020), PEI (Feb. 5, 2021), Saskatchewan (Feb 1, 2021) and New Brunswick (Oct. 29, 2021). Currently, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia and Quebec practice birth alerts.

Canadian Human Right Tribunal

Oct. 24, 2023: Judge approves historic $23B First Nations child welfare compensation agreement


0/5 CTAs have been completed to date




#1

Commit to reducing the number of Aboriginal children in care

In Progress

#2

Publish annual child welfare reports: Indigenous vs non-Indigenous

Not Started

#3

Fully implement Jordan’s Principle

In Progress

#4

Enact Indigenous Child Welfare legislation

In Progress

#5

Develop culturally appropriate parenting programs for Indigenous families

In Progress

Featured Updates


Current Problems


Explore by Themes


Bill C-92

Read more


Canadian Human Rights Tribunal

Read more


Child and Youth Advocate Reports

Read more


Court Cases

Read more


Federal Budgets

Read more


Government and Instution Issues

Read more


Govt. and Institution Issues

Read more


Jordan's Principle

Read more


Legislative and Institutional Issues

Read more


Systemic Racism

Read more


Background Content


Explore by Themes


Child and Youth Advocate Recommendations

Read more


Child Welfare Reports

Read more


Coroner Reports

Read more


Indigenous Jurisdiction and Bill C-92 at the Supreme Court

Read more


Jordan's Principle

Read more


Sixties Scoop

Read more


Indigenous Success Stories